例文:The most important processes determining the behavior of PAHs in soils and their availability tofurther transformations are sorption to soil and desorp-tion to the aqueous phase.
The most important processes determining the be-havior of PAHs in soils and their availability to furthertransformations为第一部分;are sorption to(the)soil(phase)为第二部分;are desorption to the aqueousphase为第三部分。译者首先从语义表征角度分析出原文的交际线索,其次将自己头脑中的专业知识与原作者的语义表征相互融合,而后进行翻译。采用直接翻译法,取得最佳关联的效果。
1.2采用间接翻译法。
例文:Plants and animals in cities are the every-day life contact with nature of the most humans on ourearth.
例文:Popular belief associates this with an agri-cultural ecosystem service.
原译:与农业生态系统服务相联系,最为普遍的说法是……笔者改译:一种流行的看法是将城市名称与农业生态系统服务相联系……分析:关于这句话中this的翻译,初译时漏译,改译补全。英语原文中该段结尾Thus,the eco-logical character of the surrounding landscape appearsto be closely linked with the very name of the city提到了城市名称与生态特征的联系,并且该段举的好几个例子也都是说明了这个观点,比如the name“Bengaluru”(the city's name in the local language Kan-nada),所以,这里的this指的就是城市名称。因此采用将this所指代之物表达出来的间接翻译法。
例文:The general ability of institutions,systems,and individuals to adjust to potential damage,to takeadvantage of opportunities,or to cope with the conse-quences.
例文:Also responsible for con-ducting public hearing in accordance with the EIA noti-fication for any major projects that can potentially haveenvironmental impacts.
参考译文:The inconspicuous difference betweenthe theoretical curve and the result from the test iscaused mainly by the assumption that the soil is homo-geneous,isotropic and fully saturated.
分析:原文中加引号的部分是土力学中一维固结基本假设,国内相关业内人士都熟悉,所以只是加了引号,不用再加出处了。在英文土力学着作中,找到下面的句子The bearing capacity equa-tions(6)-(10)are based on the assumption that thefoundation soil is homogeneous and isotropic;还有The assumptions which are used in this theory are:1.homogeneous soil;2. complete saturation.从英文材料中发现,homogeneous and isotropic是“均质、各向同性”的对等词,在英文中有互文性,所以参考译文进行了借鉴;而“完全饱和”在英文原着中使用的是complete saturation,可以保留,以便使英文翻译与英文原着保持更好的互文性。综合以上引用的相关英文文献,本句可以改译为:The incons-picuous difference between the theoretical curve and thetest results is mainly caused by the assumptions ofhomogeneous and isotropic soil,and complete satura-tion.修改后的译文采用间接翻译法,在句式和更多的词语上从英文相关原着中找到了更好的互文性。
例文:Based on Grime's(1979)plant life strate-gies,(Lososová et al.2006)reported that C-competitorswere being selected in urban landscapes.In addition,Chocholou?ková and Py?ek(2003)observed CSR-competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals,CS-competitors/stressors,and CR-competitors/ruderals as being thedominant strategies in their historical analysis ofPlzeň,Czech Republic.
例文:This study reported a well controlled labo-ratory experiment of high concentration PAHs solute,containing fluorene,phenanthrene,fluoranthene andpyrene,through a nearly homogeneous soil column toreveal sorption and desorption behavior of these fourPAHs in soil.